The institutions, liturgical rites and ecclesial traditions of the Catholic Church are lived and expressed according to specific cultures and practices, as well as in communion with each other and with the Pope as supreme pastor of the Universal Church. Over the centuries, their development, as well as Church teaching and discipline, were overseen by the Bishops of major cultural centres, especially those referred to as Patriarchs. Rome is the historical heart of the ecclesiastical traditions and liturgy of the Western or Latin Church. By the 5th century, the Patriarchs of the Eastern Churches were the Bishops of Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople and Jerusalem. Today, a much larger number of sui juris Eastern Catholic Churches have their own discipline and liturgical tradition. Among them, the following currently have eparchies or exarchates in Canada: Armenian, Chaldean, Maronite, Melkite, Romanian, Slovak, Syriac, Syro-Malabar, Syro-Malankara, and Ukrainian.